Kaufmann Desert House was designed by Richard Neutra for Edgar J. Kaufmann in 1946, is a house on the edge of Palm Springs, two hours from Los Angeles (170 km away), in California, USA.

The house is regarded among the most important houses of the 20th century and it was immortalized by several important photographers. First, Julius Shulman’s twilight black-and-white frame, the misty San Jacinto Mountains in the background, in 1947, and then again in 1970 when the society photographer Slim Aarons and his legendary snapshot, "Poolside Gossip" features two fashionable women lounging by the pool.
Architect Richard Neutra designed over 300 houses during his career. Now his best known home, the Kaufmann Desert House in Palm Springs has been listed by Sotheby’s Realty for € 21,09 (US $25) million.

Richard Neutra designed the house as a retreat for harsh winters. Its five bedrooms and six full baths at 297 sqm, pay emphasis on the connection to the surrounding desert landscape.

The house sits on more than two acres and its large sliding glass walls open rooms up to a series of terraces, and garden, an area lawn surrounding the famous pool, showing the typical California’s concept "indoor outdoor" living.

The main exterior-facing rooms are surrounded by a row of movable vertical fins that offer flexible protection against sandstorms and intense heat.

In the center of the house there is a living and dining room, approximately square that articulates an east-west axis, extending with four long wings perpendicular according to the cardinal points. Careful placement of the largest rooms at the end of each wing helps define the adjacent exterior rooms, with exterior and interior circulation.

The south wing connects to the public realm and includes a garage and two long, covered hallways. These steps are separated by a huge stone wall and lead to the public and service entrances, respectively. The east wing of the house is connected to the living space by an internal gallery facing north and houses a master bedroom. To the west, a kitchen, service spaces and staff quarters are accessed through a covered hallway. In the north wing, an open path runs along an exterior patio, which leads to two rooms.

After Kauffman, its original owner, died in 1955, the house remained empty for several years, then passed through the hands of different owners who were transforming it, making additions and even changing the roof with the addition of an air conditioning system. .

In 1992, after more than three years awaiting sale, the house was rediscovered and bought by the marriage of Brent Harris, investment manager, and Beth Edwards Harris, architectural historian.

The Harrises bought the house for $ 1.5 million, and began its resnovation to restore the original project. Neutra had died in 1970 and the original plans were not available, so the couple commissioned to Los Angeles architects Leo Marmol and Ron Radziner for renovation. In a meticulous and delicate process of researching the original project, the Harrisons examined Neutra's extensive archives at UCLA, found additional documents at Columbia University, and were able to work with photographs of the interior never printed and provided by Julius Shulman. They sourced parts from the original paint suppliers, accessories, and bought a metal crimping machine to reproduce the sheet metal membrane that lined the ceiling.

Additionally, the Harrises were able to reopen a closed section of a Utah quarry to obtain matching stone to replace what had been replaced or damaged. To help restore the desert hinterland Neutra had envisioned for the home, the Harrisons also purchased several adjoining parcels.

The restoration work was widely awarded, and the house is recognized as one of the most important houses of the 20th century.
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Architects
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Richard Neutra. Restoration by Marmol Radziner (1990s).
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Client
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Edgar J. Kaufmann.
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Dates
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1946.
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Area
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3,200-square-foot (297,3 m²).
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Location
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470 west Vista Chino, Palm Springs, California, 92262 USA.
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Photography
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Richard Joseph Neutra, (b. Vienna, Austria, April 8, 1892 - April 16, 1970, Wuppertal, Germany). Neutra was born in Leopoldstadt, the 2nd district of Vienna, Austria Hungary, on April 8, 1892 into a wealthy Jewish family. His Jewish-Hungarian father Samuel Neutra (1844–1920) was a proprietor of a metal foundry, and his mother, Elizabeth "Betty" Glaser Neutra (1851–1905) was a member of the IKG Wien.

Richard had two brothers who also emigrated to the United States, and a sister who married in Vienna. Neutra attended the Sophiengymnasium in Vienna until 1910, and he studied under Adolf Loos at the Vienna University of Technology (1910–1918). He was a student of Max Fabiani and Karl Mayreder. In 1912 he undertook a study trip to Italy and Balkans with Ernst Ludwig Freud (son of Sigmund Freud). In the June of 1914, Neutra's studies were interrupted when he was ordered to Trebinje; he served as a lieutenant in the artillery in the balkans until the end of the war. He took a leave in 1917 to return to the Technische Hochschule to take his final examinations.

After World War I Neutra went to Switzerland where he worked with the landscape architect Gustav Ammann. In 1921 he served briefly as city architect in the German town of Luckenwalde, and later in the same year he joined the office of Erich Mendelsohn in Berlin. Neutra contributed to the firm’s competition entry for a new commercial centre for Haifa, Palestine (1922), and to the Zehlendorf housing project in Berlin (1923). He married Dione Niedermann, the daughter of an architect, in 1922. They had three sons, Frank L (1924-2008), Dion (1926-) an architect and his father's partner and Raymond Richard (1939-) a physician and environmental epidemiologist.

Neutra moved to the United States by 1923 and became a naturalized citizen in 1929. Neutra worked briefly for Frank Lloyd Wright before accepting an invitation from his close friend and university companion Rudolf Schindler to work and live communally in Schindler's Kings Road House in California. Neutra’s first work in Los Angeles was in landscape architecture, where he provided the design for the garden of Schindler’s beach house (1922–5), designed for Philip Lovell, Newport Beach, and for a pergola and wading pool for Wright and Schindler’s complex for Aline Barnsdall on Olive Hill (1925), Hollywood. Schindler and Neutra collaborated on an entry for the League of Nations Competition of 1926–7; in the same year they formed a firm with the planner Carol Aronovici (1881–1957) called the Architectural Group for Industry and Commerce (AGIC).

He subsequently developed his own practice and went on to design numerous buildings embodying the International Style, twelve of which are designated as Historic Cultural Monuments (HCM), including the Lovell Health House (HCM #123; 1929) and the Richard and Dion Neutra VDL Research House (HCM #640; 1966). In California, he became celebrated for rigorously geometric but airy structures that symbolized a West Coast variation on the mid-century modern residence. Clients included Edgar J. Kaufmann, Galka Scheyer, and Walter Conrad Arensberg. In the early 1930s, Neutra's Los Angeles practice trained several young architects who went on to independent success, including Gregory Ain, Harwell Hamilton Harris, and Raphael Soriano. In 1932, he tried to move to the Soviet Union, to help design workers' housing that could be easily constructed, as a means of helping with the housing shortage.

In 1932, Neutra was included in the seminal MoMA exhibition on modern architecture, curated by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. In 1949 Neutra formed a partnership with Robert E. Alexander that lasted until 1958, which finally gave him the opportunity to design larger commercial and institutional buildings. In 1955, the United States Department of State commissioned Neutra to design a new embassy in Karachi. Neutra's appointment was part of an ambitious program of architectural commissions to renowned architects, which included embassies by Walter Gropius in Athens, Edward Durrell Stone in New Delhi, Marcel Breuer in The Hague, Josep Lluis Sert in Baghdad, and Eero Saarinen in London. In 1965 Neutra formed a partnership with his son Dion Neutra.[5] Between 1960 and 1970, Neutra created eight villas in Europe, four in Switzerland, three in Germany, and one in France. Prominent clients in this period included Gerd Bucerius, publisher of Die Zeit, as well as figures from commerce and science.

Neutra died in Wuppertal, Germany, on April 16, 1970, at the age of 78.
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Published on: October 26, 2020
Cite: "A 20th century icon for sale. Kaufmann Desert House by Richard Neutra" METALOCUS. Accessed
<https://www.metalocus.es/en/news/a-20th-century-icon-sale-kaufmann-desert-house-richard-neutra> ISSN 1139-6415
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