The architectural proposal by Adjaye Associates adopts a formal composition based on the idea of a "box within a box," where the perimeter folds and undulations expand the views and articulate the relationship between the interior spaces. Natural light plays a fundamental role in the project: south-facing skylights illuminate the archive core and galleries, allowing for different viewing conditions for the exhibited pieces.
In terms of materials, the building combines locally sourced rammed earth walls with a pigmented concrete roof poured on-site, establishing a dialogue between contemporary techniques and regional construction resources. Once the Benin Cultural District is completed, the MOWAA Institute will solidify its position as a key platform for research, training, and dissemination of African artistic and historical heritage.

Museum of West African Art (MOWAA) Institute by Adjaye Associates. Photograph by Marco Cappelletti.
Project description by Adjaye Associates
The MOWAA Institute is the first building to open within Adjaye Associates’ masterplan for the Museum of West African Art (MOWAA) in Benin City, Edo State. Conceived as the operational heart of the campus, it anchors a new cultural landscape dedicated to research, conservation, training, and public engagement.
The single-storey 4,450 sqm building is built almost entirely from rammed earth. The structure is made from earth-coloured concrete using the local ironrich laterite to replace the fi ne aggregate so both the structure and enclosure are of the earth. Rammed earth and mud brick construction techniques draw directly from centuries-old West African traditions, reinterpreted through contemporary methods to ensure both environmental resilience and cultural continuity.
Located near the ancient Benin Walls and the historical site of the Royal Palace, the Institute stands in direct conversation with the city’s imperial past and living heritage. It deliberately moves away from the Western museum model, often linked to colonial narratives, toward a distinctly local expression of knowledge and exchange. The building’s material palette, rhythm, and spatial logic are grounded in the West African context.
Environmental performance is integral to the architecture. A self-vegetating brown roof improves biodiversity and thermal regulation. External louvres and overhangs provide passive shading, while high-performance glazing reduces heat gain. The rammed earth and glazing together provide insulation to the building to reduce the running costs of the building. Rainwater is collected for reuse, and photovoltaic panels supply a portion of the building’s energy.
Locally sourced earth has been blended into the mix for the rammed earth walls. The material was formed on site and compacted by hand overseen by the expert rammed earth consultant from Ghana. The meticulous technique enhances the building’s sustainability as well as highlighting the craftsmanship and regional collaboration that has been integral to the project.